Central Processing
Unit(CPU)
·
A central processing unit (CPU) is the hardware within
a computer that
carries out the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetical, logical, control and input/output operations
of the system. The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since
the early 1960s.[1] The
form, design, and implementation of CPUs
have changed over the course of their history, but their fundamental operation
remains much the same.
·
A
computer can have more than one CPU; this is called multiprocessing. All modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning contained on a single chip. Some integrated circuits (ICs) can contain multiple CPUs on a
single chip; those ICs are called multi-core processors. An IC containing a CPU can also
contain memory, peripheral devices, and other components of a computer system;
this is called a system on a chip (SoC).
·
Two
typical components of a CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and
logical operations, and the control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them,
calling on the ALU when necessary.
·
Not
all computational systems rely on a central processing unit. An array processor
or vector processor has multiple parallel computing elements, with no one unit
considered the "center". In the distributed computing model, problems are solved by a distributed
interconnected set of processors.
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